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Serov ((ロシア語:Серо́в)) is a mining and commercial town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains, on the left bank of the Kakva River (a tributary of the Sosva), about north of Yekaterinburg. Population: ==History== Archaeological evidence suggests that the area of Serov was populated as early as 1000 BCE by the Mansi or their ancestors. In the early days of Russian colonization of Siberia, there were only a few minor villages in the area. The situation changed in 1893, when the chief manager of Bogoslovsk Mining District, Alexander Auerbakh, proposed a construction of a cast iron and rail plant on the Kakva River near the end of an existing railroad. This year the construction of a workers settlement began. It was named Nadezhdinsk after Nadezhda Polovtsova, the owner of Bogoslovsk Mining District. The first steel and rails in Nadezhdinsk were produced in 1896. Nadezhdinsk was an important supplier of rails for the Trans-Siberian Railway. Dmitry Mendeleyev, who visited Nadezhdinsk, was pleasantly surprised by the progressive technology used at the plant. The first school in Nadezhdinsk opened in December 1895, the first power plant (415 kW)—in 1907. Nadezhdinsk was touched by the Revolution of 1905, with the turmoil continuing through 1908. At the beginning of World War I, Nadezhdinsk industry was reshaped to meet the demands of the military. Klein Brothers machine-building factory was relocated to Nadezhdinsk from Riga in 1917. The growing demand for workforce was met by hiring workers from China and Korea, as well as prisoners of war (POWs). There were 1,266 Chinese and Koreans, and 3,329 POWs in Nadezhdinsk in 1917. On October 27, 1917, two days after the October Revolution in Petrograd, the power in the town was bloodlessly transferred to the Worker's Soviet. On December 18, 1917, Bogoslovsk Mining District, including the Nadezhdinsk plants, was nationalized. In October 1918, the army of the Provisional Government of Siberia, which opposed the Soviets in the Russian Civil War, occupied Nadezhdinsk. On November 20, 1918, two days after admiral Kolchak become the head of the White government of Siberia, the "whites" in Nadezhdinsk executed twenty-three of their "red" opponents. On July 19, 1919, Red partisans, supporting the Soviets, took the settlement back. It was devastated after the Civil War. None of the factories were working and many engineers left the area. The Soviet government put a lot of efforts to restore normal life and economy. By the end of 1925, Nadezhdinsk plant was running at its full capacity. Streets and house numbers were changed. A hospital, a circus, and a cabaret were opened. In 1926, Nadezhdinsk was granted town status. In the 1930s, the ferrous metal production in Nadezhdinsk was expanded and diversified. In 1934, the town was renamed Kabakovsk, after I. D. Kabakov, the leader of the Bolshevik Party in Sverdlovsk Oblast. In 1937, Kabakov was dismissed and executed as a result of Stalin's purges, and the town's name was changed back to Nadezhdinsk. In 1939, the town was renamed Serov, after the airpilot Anatoly Serov, a former Nadezhdinsk Plant worker, and a Spanish Civil War hero, who died earlier in the same year. Serov was an important center of steel production during World War II. Due to the shortage of males, who were conscripted into the active service, most steel jobs were taken by women. Numerous organization were evacuated to Serov from the Soviet territories occupied by Germans: hospitals from Polotsk and Smolensk, Lenkom Theater from Leningrad. After the war, the demand for steel increased even more due to the reconstruction. Serov became a major electrified railroad center and a new power plant was built. In 1958, Serov produced first ferrosilicon. In the 1970s, a timber factory and a gas pipeline were built. In the early 1990s, failed reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev brought the town economy to a record low level. The town saw a significant growth of unemployment and poverty, as did most other small towns in Russia. At the same time, many businesses were privatized or became municipal property. On July 14, 1993, a dam at Kiselevskoye water reservoir was broken and 1,373 families lost their houses. Since the 2000s, the town economy is on the rise, the standards of living went up, and the town appearance continues to improve. In November 2004, Serov hosted Russian Bodybuilding and Fitness Championship. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Serov (town)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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